Newly Blog

1. For the full name of journals and venue information of conferences, click Conference and Journal Info.

2. For the collected full-length bib, click egbib collection.

raw: dpkg

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dpkg -i xxx.deb
dpkg -r xxx.deb
dpkg --purge xxx.deb
dpkg -L xxx.deb
dpkg --info xxx.deb
dpkg -reconfigure xxx

dkpg is raw method to install without solving dependencies and existing software.

mature: apt-get

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apt-get install softname1 softname2 softname3……
apt-get remove softname1 softname2 softname3……
apt-get remove --purge softname1
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean //clean /var/cache/apt/archives 
apt-get autoclean //clean the out-of-date files in /var/cache/apt/archives

apt-get update //update software information and database command
apt-get upgrade //update the system

apt-cache search rough_name
apt-cache show exact_name

pkg-config --libs opencv
pkg-config --cflags opencv 
pkg-config --modversion opencv

apt-get is built on dkpg without saving the deb file. apt-get can solve dependencies and existing software. Note that when using dkpg, dkpg can circumvent apt-get, so apt-get don’t know the software installed by dkpg.

more mature: aptitude (GUI)

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aptitude install softname1
aptitude remove softname1

aptitude is also built on dkpg and more powerful than apt-get.

#!/bin/bash at the head of file indicates shell type

1. strict format

   For if [[ $input == "hello" ]], note that the space after [[ and before ]] is very strict, since [[]] can be used for matching regular expression

2. arguments

   • $@: stores all the arguments in a list of string
   • $*: stores all the arguments as a single string
   • $#: stores the number of arguments
   • shift: remove the first argument

When starting login or interative shells, certain files will be executed based on the following tables:

For bash:
login-y interactive-y: profile
login-y interactive-n: profile
login-n interactive-y: bashrc

For zsh:
login-y interactive-y: zshenv zprofile zshrc zlogin
login-y interactive-n: zshenv zprofile zlogin
login-n interactive-y: zshenv zshrc
login-n interactive-n: zshenv

Mount remote folder on Windows/Linux:

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sudo apt-get install cifs-utils
sudo mount -t cifs -o username=XXX,password=XXX //10.70.1.82/src_dir tgt_dir

Mount sharefolder between host machine and virtualbox:

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sudo mount -t vboxsf -o uid=$UID,gid=$(id -g) share_name tgt_dir

You may fail to log in Ubuntu due to the following reasons:

1. /etc/environment or /etc/profile is modified to a wrong format: Just modify them back.

2. startX is used improperly: run sudo rm -r .Xauthority*

Tips: use Ctr+Alt+F1~6 corresponding to tty 1~6 to use command line

1. $sudo gedit /etc/default/locale

2. modify as follows,

   1 2	LANG="en_US.UTF-8" LANGUAGE="en_US:en"

3. $locale-gen -en_US:en

4. log out or reboot

For user-wide: ~/.profile or ~/.bashrc
For system-wide: /etc/profile

source ~/.bashrc or source /etc/profile can make the newly added (not the removed) environment variables for the current cmd window available immediately. However, you need to re-login to make them user-wide or system-wide.

Note that after you sudo su (not using sudo privilege), the environment variables will be lost. You need to re-login. Because sudo su will erase newly exported variables.

For permanent system-wide change even after sudo su, you should modify /etc/environment, which is not recommended. Because /etc/environment cannot recognize intermediate variable such as $JAVA_HOME. Sometimes misusing /etc/environment may result in your failure in login.

Not recommend running sudo su and then modifying ~/.profile or ~/.bashrc.

• crontab -l //list crontab

• crontab -r //remove crontab

• crontab -e //edit crontab

  • minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week cmd
  • each term can be a single number, e.g., 3, or a range, e.g., 3-6, or a set, e.g., 3,5,7, or interval, e.g., */10
  • for example, “ /10 * sh ~/cmd.sh” means executing cmd.sh every 10 minutes.

In windows, the function of contrab can be realized by using “task scheduler”.

Here is a website link to query linux commands.

1. create new user with home folder

   1	adduser XXX

2. sudo privilege: vim /etc/sudoers and add $username ALL=(ALL) ALL at the bottom.

3. start ssh on the server, the default port is 22

   1 2	sudo apt-get install openssh-server sudo/etc/init.d/ssh start

4. list

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   list -a #including hidden files list -S #arrange by size list -t #arrange by time

5. view text

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   cat head/tail -n 10 tmp.txt #view the first/last 10 lines less #more powerful than more

6. Change the privilege

   1 2	chmod 777 ./ chmod a+x ./

7. Check disk or file size

   1 2	df -h du ./ --max-depth 2 -h

8. Compress or uncompress files, refer to this link.

9. Grep + regular expression

   1	grep [xyz]

10. Search file

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    locate "keyword" #fast find ./ -maxdepth 1 -name "*keyword*" find ./ -name "*keyword*" -size +50M -size -100M find ./ -name "*keyword*" -mmin -10 #m:modify min:minute find ./ -name "*keyword*" -exec rm -r {} \;

11. Pipe commands

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    ls -l | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f 2 #tr to truncate space ls -l | sort -rnk2 #-r:reverse -n:numerical -k:k-th column ls -l | wc -l #count line

12. xargs:

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    cat python/requirements.txt | xargs -L 1 sudo pip install find . -name "*.c" | xargs rm -rf find . -name '*.c' | xargs grep 'stdlib.h'

13. alias: temporary alias command

    1 2	alias lnew="cd /home/niuli/caffe" unalias lnew

14. export: The export command is one of the bash shell built-in commands, which means it is part of your shell.

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    export a=linux.com echo $a export -n a #remove variable printname () { echo "Linuxcareer.com"; } export -f printname #export function

    add LD_LIBRARY_PATH

    1 2	echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda/lib64:/usr/local/lib' >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc

15. shellscript sample

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    #!/bin/bash read -p "Please input your first name: " echo -e "\nYour full name is: $firstname $lastname" test ! -e $filename && echo "The filename '$filename' DO NOT exist" && exit 0 test -f $filename && filetype="regulare file" test -d $filename && filetype="directory" [ "$yn" == "Y" -o "$yn" == "y" ] && echo "OK, continue" && exit 0 if [ "$yn" == "Y" ] || [ "$yn" == "y" ]; then echo "OK, continue" elif [ "$yn" == "N" ] || [ "$yn" == "n" ]; then echo "Oh, interrupt!" else echo "I don't know what your choice is" fi while [ "$yn" != "yes" -a "$yn" != "YES" ] do read -p "Please input yes/YES to stop this program: " yn done for animal in dog cat elephant do echo "There are ${animal}s.... " done

1. zip/unzip

   winrar x -y -ibck zip_file_name unzip_file_name //x means unzip, -y means yes to interrupted queries, -ibck means running in the background

2. generate the file list under one folder

   dir D:\test /b >list.txt or dir D:\test /b >list.xls

3. combine multiple compressed volumes

   copy /b logs.tar.gza* logs.tar.gz